Frequency of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus depending on antihyperglycemic therapy

Abstract

Background. The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of cardiovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) depending on the type of antihyperglycemic therapy. Materials and methods. Patients were divided into 3 groups: first group — all patients with type 2 DM included in the study (n = 1999), second group were patients (n = 201) with DM with myocardial infarction from the first group, third group were patients with DM with stroke from the first group (n = 155). Results. It was found that actually every second patient in the second group had angina pectoris — 48.3 % that is 2.7 times higher of the same index in the first group (18.2 %) and 1.7 times — in the third group (29.0 %). Every fifth patient in the second and third groups had heart rhythm disorder (in the first group — 11.2 %, in the second group — 20.9 %, in the third group — 20.7 %), its incidence was highest in men of this group (27.7 and 23.1 %, respectively). Arterial hypertension is the third common in the structure of concomitant cardiovascular pathology in patients with DM, more often in patients of the third group (in the first group — 74.6 %, in the second group — 76.6 %, in the third group — 80.7 %), most often in women in every group (78.7, 84.3 and 84.4 %, respectively). Coronary artery bypass surgery is conducted in 38 patients, the proportion among other operative interventions is highest in the second group (in the first group — 11.9 %, in the second group — 12.7 %, in the third group — 9.8 %). Conclusions. The proportion of patients who received monotherapy with insulin preparations is highest in the second group (17.4 %), actually at one level — in the first and third groups (12.8 and 12.3 %, respectively). The majority of patients in the first group received monotherapy with oral hypoglycemic agents (56.2 against 46.2 % in the second group and 49.7 % — in the third group), due to an increase in the proportion of patients with insulin monotherapy. Every third patient in the second and third groups (34.3 and 34.8 %, respectively) received combined therapy with insulins and oral hypoglycemic preparations.